Case Background
Location: a 10 kV power line within an urban district (heavy traffic, noise level > 75 dB)
Requirement: Partial discharge in power equipment is a common issue in the electrical industry, and it can lead to damage to the equipment itself and even pose risks to personal safety. While various partial-discharge detection methods are already available in the power industry, the existing techniques are time-consuming and prone to false negatives.
Requirement: Partial discharge in power equipment is a common issue in the electrical industry, and it can lead to damage to the equipment itself and even pose risks to personal safety. While various partial-discharge detection methods are already available in the power industry, the existing techniques are time-consuming and prone to false negatives.
Testing Plan
Core Challenges
1. Vehicle, motorcycle, and construction noise below 20 kHz can easily mask partial discharge.
2. The corridor walls have strong reflections, causing multi-point echo interference.
3. Live-line testing is required, with zero outage windows.
Practical Techniques
1. Frequency band filtering: retain only 20–40 kHz and mute low-frequency noise with a single button press.
2. Multi-point scanning: Compare the left and right views at 30° to eliminate reflective “ghosting.”
3. Sound Pressure Scale: Continuous Sound Source + Spectral Peak = Conclusive Evidence of Partial Discharge.
A Quick Look at Five Typical Cases

Surface Discharge on Insulators
· Amplitude: 25 dB, frequency band: 35–42 kHz, continuous and stable

Slight discharge on the overhead branch line
· Amplitude: 15 dB, frequency band: 20–25 kHz, continuously stable

Internal Discharge in the Vacuum Arc Chamber
· Amplitude: 30 dB, Bandwidth: 45–50 kHz

Abnormal Discharge in the Circuit Breaker Inlet Bushing
· Dual localization using ultrasound imaging and visible light, with rust visibly detectable to the naked eye.

Abnormal discharge at the arrester terminal
· Amplitude of 42 dB, 45–50 kHz, continuously stable
Test Results
Based on the site conditions, preliminary suspicions include slight contamination on the insulator surface or early damage to the glaze layer; mild fouling on the conductor surface or slight loosening of the binding wire clamps; a slight decrease in the vacuum level of the arc-extinguishing chamber or localized electric-field concentration on the bellows screen; aging of the bushing sealant and minor corrosion at conductive parts; loosening and oxidation of the terminal connections, or displacement of the grading ring. Accordingly, it is recommended to: continuously monitor for suspected issues; maintain quarterly repeat testing; record trend data monthly; take advantage of the next scheduled outage window to shorten the monitoring interval to monthly; and, depending on changes in magnitude, temperature, and other parameters, schedule outages for cleaning, replacement, inspection, re-tightening, surface protection, vacuum-level verification, and dielectric-strength testing.
Results & Value
• Completed a 3-km line scan in 30 minutes, identifying five partial discharges.
• Live-line operations ensure uninterrupted power supply.
• Live-line operations ensure uninterrupted power supply.
• Estimated to prevent a single breakdown-induced power outage, thereby recovering 80,000 kWh of electricity.
